How to prevent Parkinson's disease (or delay its progression)

Every day 50 Australians are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease: a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance and coordination. 

Although scientists haven’t discovered how to prevent Parkinson’s disease, our article looks at steps you can take to potentially lower risk factors for developing it.

What if you already have Parkinson’s disease (PD)?

Unfortunately, there’s no cure for this slowly progressive condition that worsens over time to place more strain on the mind and body. Thankfully many patients respond well to treatment and enjoy a normal lifespan!

We also talk about treatment options and lifestyle changes that help people manage their symptoms.

But first, what is Parkinson’s disease? 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

• What is Parkinson’s disease?
• Parkinson’s disease symptoms
• Risk factors for Parkinson’s
• How to reduce risk factors for Parkinson’s
• Parkinson’s disease treatments and lifestyle changes to delay progression
• Supplements for Parkinson’s

 

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement.

The nerve cells in your brain need a chemical called dopamine to function properly. 

Parkinson’s disease occurs when there isn’t enough dopamine for nerve cells to regulate an individual’s movement, coordination and mood. These dopamine-producing neurons live in a specific brain region called the substantia nigra.

As dopamine levels decline, individuals with Parkinson's experience a range of motor symptoms related to movement (such as tremors) and non-motor symptoms like depression (not related to movement or balance).

More men than women develop PD, which is most common in people older than 60. 

Having said this, up to 20 per cent of Parkinson’s patients notice symptoms before they reach 50. This is called early-onset Parkinson’s. 

Regardless of the age of development, PD begins with mild symptoms that often (but not always) worsen over time.

 

 

Parkinson’s disease symptoms

Disease progression is different for everyone, but there are generally five stages and each stage lasts between two to five years. 

Stage 1: Symptoms are mild and may not significantly impact daily life. Medication usually isn’t needed at this stage.

• Slight tremors, often in one limb or on one side of the body.
• Minor stiffness or slowness of movement (bradykinesia).
• Changes in posture, facial expression (reduced facial movements), or walking.
• Subtle difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing or buttoning a shirt.

Stage 2: Symptoms become more noticeable and affect both sides of the body.

• Tremors or stiffness on both sides of the body.
• Slower movement and reduced coordination.
• Speech changes, such as a softer or monotone voice.
• Early signs of posture or balance issues.

Stage 3: Symptoms worsen, and balance becomes a significant issue.

• Higher risk of falls.
• Freezing episodes, where movement temporarily halts.
• Greater challenges performing daily activities like eating or bathing independently.
• Potential need for assistive devices for mobility, such as a cane.

Stage 4: Symptoms are severe and greatly limit independence.

• Walking or standing without assistance is difficult.
• Increased reliance on caregivers for daily tasks.
• Pronounced freezing episodes and shuffling gait.
• Significant speech difficulties and reduced ability to express emotions through facial expressions.
• Possible early signs of cognitive decline.

Stage 5: Individuals experience severe mobility issues and require full-time assistance for all daily activities.

• Inability to stand, walk, or move without significant assistance or a wheelchair.
• Severe muscle stiffness and rigidity.
• Difficulty swallowing leads to an increased risk of choking or aspiration.
• Significant speech impairment
• Cognitive symptoms such as dementia or hallucinations in some cases.

 

Here’s a list of common motor and non-motor Parkinson’s disease symptoms:

Note: Parkinson’s disease symptoms can vary widely in severity and progression among individuals.

 

 

Risk factors for Parkinson’s

Researchers haven’t uncovered the exact cause of PD, but they’ve identified several risk factors that increase the risk of developing the disease.

Age, genetics and gender:

Age is the biggest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease, which is commonly diagnosed in people over 60. As the brain ages, its ability to repair and maintain dopamine-producing neurons diminishes. Parkinson’s can occur before the age of 50, but early-onset Parkinson’s is rare.

Genetics causes 10 to 15 per cent of Parkinson’s, so family history is another risk factor, especially for early-onset cases. Mutations in certain genes can affect how neurons function, leading to degeneration over time. 

Men are 1.5 times more likely than women to develop the condition. This disparity may be influenced by the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in women.

Environmental factors:

Long-term exposure to pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals and other toxins has been linked to a higher risk of Parkinson’s disease, although it isn’t a direct cause. 

Another risk factor is traumatic brain injury, which can damage regions of the brain responsible for dopamine production. 

There could also be a link with high levels of emotional stress, which may damage dopamine cells needed for healthy motor function, according to some research.

Immune system and gut health:

Recent research suggests that immune system dysfunction may also play a role in Parkinson’s disease, by increasing inflammation in the body that damages the brain. One study shows the immune system impacts the substantial nigra region of the brain, which is where Parkinson’s disease develops.

Scientists are also looking into the gut-brain connection. 

Chronic gastrointestinal inflammation or leaky gut syndrome may trigger inflammatory signals that travel to the brain, potentially contributing to the development of PD. The Harvard Gazette talks about a study that found people with damaged gut linings have a 76 per cent higher chance of getting a PD diagnosis. 

Vitamin deficiencies:

Some vitamin deficiencies have been linked to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease, particularly for nutrients that support brain health.

• Vitamin D is important for brain health and reducing inflammation in the body, so this deficiency may contribute to developing PD.

• Vitamin B12 is essential for maintaining healthy nerve cells, but people with PD tend to have lower levels of B12 than the general population.

• Antioxidants like Vitamin D and Vitamin C help to protect the body from oxidative stress, and have even been linked to a 32% lower risk of Parkinson’s in one study. 

 

 

How to reduce risk factors for Parkinson’s

There’s no proven way to prevent Parkinson’s disease, but you can make lifestyle changes that lower the risk factors and support overall brain health.

Regular exercise

Aerobic activities like walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming improve blood flow to the brain – boosting neuroplasticity and lowering inflammation. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly to support both motor and cognitive health.

Eat a healthy diet

A robust immune system can reduce chronic inflammation, a factor associated with neurodegeneration. Eating a diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help regulate the immune response. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like nuts and fish also help regulate the immune response.

Manage emotional stress

Chronic stress can negatively impact brain health and increase inflammation. Regular practices such as mindfulness, yoga, or meditation can help manage stress and protect against neurodegenerative risks.

Protect against head injuries

Wear helmets during sports or high-risk activities and take precautions to prevent falls that lead to traumatic brain injuries.

Reduce exposure to toxins

Reduce exposure to environmental toxins, such as pesticides, herbicides, and industrial chemicals. Consider using natural alternatives in gardening, wearing protective gear in high-risk occupations, and ensuring proper ventilation in the workspace. 

Prioritise immune and gut health

Chronic inflammation has been linked to neurodegeneration. Consume anti-inflammatory foods and take probiotics to maintain overall health and reduce inflammation-related risks. Interestingly, researchers discovered a certain probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) may protect the brain from the accumulation of a protein associated with Parkinson’s, and even reverse some of that build-up.

Take targeted supplements if necessary

Are you deficient in Vitamins C, D, E or B12, which help to protect your brain? If you’re diagnosed with low levels, please consider supplementation under a healthcare provider’s guidance.

 

 

Parkinson’s disease treatments and lifestyle changes to delay progression

Although there’s currently no cure for PD, several strategies can help slow disease progression and manage symptoms. These include medical treatments, lifestyle modifications and physical therapies. 

Medical Treatments

Medications remain the cornerstone of Parkinson’s management, helping to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

• Levodopa-Carbidopa: This combination therapy increases dopamine levels in the brain, which lessens many PD symptoms like tremors and body rigidity. 
• Dopamine Agonists: Drugs like pramipexole and ropinirole mimic dopamine's effects and can help manage symptoms, especially in early stages.
• MAO-B Inhibitors: Medications such as rasagiline or selegiline slow the breakdown of dopamine in the brain, prolonging its availability.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS):  This involves surgically implanting electrodes in specific brain areas to regulate abnormal nerve signals.

Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to create a treatment plan for their individual needs. 

 

Emerging Treatment: um-PEA (Ultra-Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide)

Um-PEA is a promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective compound derived from palmitoylethanolamide, a natural substance found in the body. It works by reducing brain inflammation, which is thought to contribute to Parkinson’s disease progression.

Preliminary research suggests that um-PEA may help alleviate PD symptoms and slow disease progression. One study shows that patients who added um-PEA to their levodopa therapy had impressive results with no side effects linked to the um-PEA.

Lifestyle modifications

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease.

• Exercise regularly: Physical activity is vital for maintaining mobility, strength, and balance. Activities like walking, yoga, swimming and tai chi can improve motor function and reduce stiffness.

• Follow a brain-healthy diet: A Mediterranean-style diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and omega-3 fatty acids can reduce oxidative stress and support overall brain health.

• Stay hydrated: Adequate hydration helps prevent common Parkinson’s symptoms like constipation.

• Prioritise sleep: Restorative sleep is essential for brain repair. Patients should establish a consistent sleep schedule and address issues like REM sleep behaviour disorder or insomnia with their doctor.

Physical and Occupational Therapy

Therapies designed to enhance mobility and independence play a crucial role in managing Parkinson’s disease.

• Physical Therapy: Therapists can design tailored exercise programs to improve flexibility, strength, and posture. Techniques like gait training can help reduce the risk of falls.
• Occupational Therapy: This focuses on maintaining the ability to perform daily activities, such as dressing, cooking and writing, through adaptive strategies and tools.

• Speech Therapy: As Parkinson’s often affects speech and swallowing, speech therapists can assist with exercises to improve voice projection and communication.

Emotional and Mental Health Support

Parkinson’s patients often experience depression, anxiety, and apathy, so addressing mental health is as important as managing physical symptoms. 

Regular sessions with a therapist can help patients process emotions and develop coping strategies.

Meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises also lower stress and improve focus. It’s just as important to connect with others who share similar experiences and remain socially active. 

Finally, mentally stimulating activities like reading, puzzles and learning a new skill can help slow cognitive decline.

 

Supplements for Parkinson’s

Supplements can play a supportive role in managing Parkinson’s disease by addressing deficiencies and promoting brain health. Key nutrients include Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Patients should consult their healthcare provider before starting supplements, to ensure they’re safe and effective. 

We often recommend these quality supplements to customers on a case-to-case basis:

Metagenics SPM Active: specialised fatty acids help to maintain general health and well-being.

Metagenics Ultra Flora NeuroSupport: probiotics support a healthy gut microbiome, which then helps to create a healthy stress response in the brain. 

Metagenics Omega Brain Plus: supports healthy brain and nervous system development, while also improving memory in older people.

Metagenics C-Ultrascorb: a gentle combination of ph-adjusted forms of vitamin C and hesperidin supports immunity and collagen formation.

Metagenics Vitamin D3 1000 IU: this clinically tested formula supports immunity and maintains bone strength, which helps to ease an individual’s movement.

Metagenics Bio Q-Absorb Ubiquinol: the active form of co-enzyme Q10 maintains brain health, reduces free radicals and provides antioxidant support.

Book an appointment with Specialist Clinic Pharmacy to learn what supplements can reduce risk factors for Parkinson’s or slow disease progression…

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